Existing LDAP object not showing in ldapsearch

I have a couple of LDAP servers, redundant with replication enabled.

I'm having trouble with Apache Directory Studio not being able to fetch the base DN of one of these LDAP servers, showing an empty Root DSE.

For the other server, however, it shows the whole DIT without problems.

I found that the problem is the root node of my tree is missing on the problematic server when I perform an ldapsearch:

SERVER-1# ldapsearch -D "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" -w pass -LL -b "dc=example,dc=com" -s base 
version: 1

dn: dc=example,dc=com
dc: example
objectClass: top
objectClass: domain

SERVER-2# ldapsearch -D "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" -w pass -LL -b "dc=example,dc=com" -s base
version: 1

If I try to add the missing entry, I get an error, because it does exist:

# ldapadd -vc -D "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" -w pass < domain.ldif 
ldap_initialize( <DEFAULT> )
add dc:
        telecable
add objectClass:
        top
        domain
adding new entry "dc=telecable,dc=es"
ldap_add: Already exists (68)

If it does exist, how come it doesn't show in ldapsearch? I swear, I don't have any ACLs configured.

This is driving me nuts.

Any idea?